Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia case study presentation. Endocrine pancreas and pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus. This helps you give your presentation on diabetes mellitus in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations. Diabetes mellitus type 2 case study scribd diabetestalk. Hyperglycemia results from a decrease in the bodys ability to utilize or store glucose after carbohydrates are ingested and from an. This work is unique in providing an integrated picture of the effects of hyperglycemia on vascular metabolism, function, and disease. Learn the definition and explore the most frequently seen physical symptoms. Pathophysiology and management of diabetic retinopathy. Postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes complications. Therefore, chronic hyperglycemia would inevitably cause chronic reductive stress that leads to oxidative stress.
People develop hyperglycemia if their diabetes is not treated properly. Hyperglycemia and glycation in diabetic complications. Right click on the scribd site and click view page souce 5. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. Insulin is the key hormone for regulating blood glucose. Case study diabetes mellitus free download as word doc. Hyperglycemia can occur when blood sugar levels are too high. Manifestation little or no insulin secretion low or undetectable cpeptide pathophysiology insulin deficiency increased glucose production by the liver and kidney and impaired peripheral glucose utilisation hyperglycaemia. The objective of this research is to gain a greater understanding of the cause of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in people with type 2 diabetes.
Optimizing diabetes and hyperglycemia management in the inpatient setting overview greg maynard m. In brief the threat and incidence of hypoglycemia is the major limiting factor in intensive glycemic control for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Typically, patients with type 1 diabetes are more likely to exhibit. How to download documents from scribd for free 2020 update note. Although they have important differences, they both occur because of lack of insulin effect and can be considered two manifestations of the same underlying mechanism. And its this autoimmune attack of the beta cells here that causes the pancreas to not be able to produce any insulin.
Hyperglycemia causes osmotic diuresis, due to glycosuria that leads to urinary frequency, polyuria, and polydipsia that may worsen to include orthostatic hypotension and hydration. New treatments may change how physicians prevent and treat diabetic retinopathy. Hyperglycemia of diabetes is related to longterm damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially eyes, kidneys, nerves and blood vessels. Clinicians, researchers and policy makers have assumed this association to be causal with the widespread adoption of protocols and programs for tight in. Hyperglycemia was recorded in 95 patients with ischemic stroke 22.
Call your diabetes care team if your blood sugar is higher than your goal for 3 days in a row or as suggested by your diabetes care team. Insulin binds to its receptor which involves many protein activation cascades. Case study diabetes mellitus pancreas insulin scribd. This guide, posted back in 2015, has been continuously updated and is still 100% working. Jun 16, 2014 therefore, chronic hyperglycemia would inevitably cause chronic reductive stress that leads to oxidative stress. Case study 3 diabetes mellitus type 1 hyperglycemia. This is usually a side effect of treatment with bloodsugarlowering medication. Diabetes is a metabolic disease with farreaching health effects.
Hypoglycemia pathophysiology physiological effect of insulin. Hyperglycemia, elevation of blood glucose concentrations above the normal range. Hyperglycemia, and the associated inflammatory processes, lead to the micro and macrovascular changes that are seen as complications. Acute episodes of hyperglycemia without an obvious cause may indicate developing diabetes or a predisposition to the disorder. Fasting hyperglycemia can rapidly change to severe hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis in infection or other stress. In the past, hyperglycemia was thought to be an adaptive response to stress, but hyperglycemia is no longer considered a benign condition in patients with critical illnesses. It affects 10 15% of the adult population in the western countries, many of whom require costly treatments or renal replacement therapy. If unsure of insulin shock or hyperglycemia, the carbohydrates worsen situation will not condition. Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 scribd. By following various scribd downloader methods discussed in this post, you can download any document from scribd for free. Endogenous glucose production is excessive before eating and fails to appropriately suppress after eating in people with type 2 diabetes. If your blood is high in sugar it can be come thick and sticky, like other liquids that are high in sugar syrup or honey, which move slowly through your body.
Hyperglycemia happens when your body doesnt make enough insulin or cant use it the right way. Stressinduced hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients, even among those without diabetes mellitus. Causes of high blood sugar include lack of or decreased insulin in the blood due to. Hyperglycemia, diabetes and vascular disease clinical.
Read hyperglycemia books like controlling diabetes the natural way and diabetes for free with a free 30day trial. Hyperglycemia high blood sugar causes too much food illness not enough insulin infection decreased activity stress symptoms thirst frequent urination fatigue blurred vision nausea action necessary check blood glucose check urine for ketones glucose 300 mgdl or level set in diabetes care plan moderatesevere. Acute complications of diabetes mellitus hyperglycemia. As ros production is a common feature of the above described pathways 119, 164, chronic oxidative stress certainly plays a central role in the development of diabetes and diabetic complications 22, 165, 166. Pathophysiology type i diabetes video khan academy. The reduction in hyperglycemia was not accompanied by significant effects on. Each question is categorized according to the components of the national council of state boards. Hyperglycemia induces renal damage directly or through hemodynamic modifications. Emotional stress, illness, infection and injury can also be major factors. Hyperglycemia dehydration acidosis an abnormal increase in hydrogen ion conc. Hyperglycemia happens when body doesnt make enough insulin or cant use it the right way. If your blood sugar levels are high for several days, you may also feel hungry, nauseated or dizzy when you stand.
Powerpoint is the worlds most popular presentation software which can let you create professional diabetes mellitus powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases which causes high blood sugar to. Pathogenesis of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in. Hyperglycemia hyperglycemia means high blood sugar or glucose. Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 1 free download as word doc. Hyperglycemia can also cause weight loss, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and a predisposition to bacterial or fungal infections. Nothing can control your journey and where it goes but you and you alone.
Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 1 scribd. If your blood sugar keeps going higher, other people may notice that you act confused. How to download documents from scribd for free 2020. Hypoglycemia sets in when blood sugar levels are too low. In diabetes, the postprandial phase is characterized by a rapid and large increase in blood glucose levels, and the possibility that the postprandial hyperglycemic spikes may be relevant to the onset of cardiovascular complications has recently received much attention.
Cerebral palsy download as pdf file pdf txt or read online from scribd flag for inappropriate content case study 3 research. When the amount of glucose is too high, you have a high blood sugar, or hyperglycemia. Endocrine pancreas and pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia high blood sugar diabetes medlineplus. Chronic kidney disease ckd is far more prevalent worldwide than was previously assumed. Diabetes mellitus pancreas transplantation used for patients with type 1 dm who have endstage renal disease and who have had or plan to have a kidney transplant eliminates the need for exogenous insulin can also eliminate hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia diabetes mellitus nursing management nursing diagnoses see ncp.
The vascular devastation of hyperglycemia can occur by several mechanisms, impacting the vessel wall, monocyte derived macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells. High blood sugar cray diabetes selfmanagement center glucose sugar in your blood is used for energy for all parts of your body. High blood glucose, or hyperglycemia, can cause major health complications in people with diabetes over time. Hyperglycemia develops in type 2 diabetes when there is an imbalance of glucose production i. Insulin is a hormone that moves glucose into cells to give them energy. Apr 07, 2020 hyperglycemia means high blood sugar or glucose. Aprenda com especialistas em diabetes mellitus como american diabetes association e george king. Hyperglycemia is a condition that commonly affects people with diabetes, but can also be a symptom of other conditions. Common symptoms of high blood sugar are increased thirst and the need to urinate often.
High blood sugar hyperglycemia 2 if you have any of these symptoms, check your blood sugar level to see if that is the problem. Increasing evidence suggests that the postprandial state is a contributing factor to the development of atherosclerosis. In the body, resulting from an accumulation of an acid or the loss of a base. Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease, classically influenced by genetic determinants of individual susceptibility and by environmental accelerating factors, such as lifestyle.
Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Hyperglycemic reactions have aslow onset due to insufficient insulin, too little activity, or too much food. The role of alphacell dysregulation in fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes and therapeutic. Furthermore, both the admission as well as the mean glucose level during the hospital stay is strongly associated with patient outcomes. Pathophysiology, prevalence and prevention, 3rd ed, american diabetes association, alexandria, va 2016. Hales and colleagues 78 have demonstrated that many lean caucasians with mild fasting hyperglycemia oct 25, 2010 this process is initiated and perpetuated by the pathophysiological consequences of the hyperglycemic state. Although there are differences in the pathogenesis of these two types of vascular disease, the emphasis in the book is on the common mechanisms by which hyperglycemia produces vascular alterations. Diabetic nephropathy diabetic nephropathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by the occurrence of persistent microalbuminuria in concomitance with insulin or noninsulindependent diabetes. Hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients and can be caused by various mechanisms, including nutrition, medications, and insufficient insulin. Free download diabetes mellitus powerpoint presentation slides. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus type 2 pathophysiology scribd 247 access. The use of insulin to control blood glucose has been advocated as a way to improve health outcomes in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia, but the evidence for the efficacy of this approach and the thresholds for initiating insulin management.
Diabetes diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia is a result of defects in insulin secretion or action of the two. Diabetes diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Optimizing diabetes and hyperglycemia management in the. And this is what causes the destruction of the beta cells in the absence of the production of insulin. Hyperglycemia high blood sugar is the most common cause of diabetes both type 1 and 2. This book can also be used by other categories of health professionals. Pathophysiology dka is characterized by hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketonuria. A disturbed balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis has been implicated in the pathogenesis hereof. Hyperglycemia is a common finding in hospitalized patients and has been associated with worsened outcomes in a variety of inpatient subpopulations. Diabetes mellitus type 2 pathophysiology scribd paoson.
Pathophysiology dm diabetes mellitus type 1 insulin. Download guideshow to diabetes mellitus type 2 pathophysiology scribd for paul december 11th, 2020. Copy the doc id from scribd site and paste at the link 4. Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance syndromes are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular and thrombotic complications. Sep 22, 2008 an enormous amount of research has been dedicated to unraveling the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus over the last 30 years. Pdf hyperglycemia and glycation in diabetic complications. Diabetes mellitus is a spectrum of metabolic disorders arising from myriad pathogenic mechanisms, all resulting in hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia results from a decrease in the bodys ability to utilize or store glucose after carbohydrate s are ingested and from an increase in the production of glucose by the liver during the intervals between meals. The tyrosine kinase activity causes phosphorylation of intracellular enzymes. Insulin is a hormone that moves glucose into your cells to give them energy. Diabetes mellitus dm is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia either immunemediated type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance type 2, gestational or others. To determine the selective effects of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on coagulation and fibrinolysis, six healthy humans were studied.
Hyperglycemia, or elevated glucose levels within the blood, is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This book is intended to serve as a general learning material for diabetes mellitus by the health center team. Classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Pathophysiology hypoglycemia hypothyroidism scribd. Chronic hyperglycemia that persists even in fasting states is most commonly caused by diabetes mellitus, and in fact chronic hyperglycemia is the defining characteristic of the disease. This is due in part to impaired insulininduced suppression of endogenous glucose production, which. Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 free download as word doc.
It should be kept in mind, though, that it is not a substitute for standard textbooks. D iabetic ketoacidosis dka and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state hhs are acute and potentially lifethreatening complications of diabetes. Discover the best hyperglycemia books and audiobooks. Pathophysiology and classification of kidney diseases. Glucose sugar in your blood is used for energy for all parts of your body. Pdf the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and.